"Triple-Arrow Assault" Confirms a Cosmic "Natural Accelerator" Ejecting Protons at Energies 100 Times That of the Large Hadron Collider

Astronomers, using three observation facilities operating in different wavelength bands, have confirmed a mysterious celestial body in the direction of the Aquila constellation in the Milky Way as a natural cosmic accelerator. This object is continuously ejecting high-speed particles with energies far exceeding any man-made accelerator on Earth, equivalent to 100 times that of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This discovery provides key clues for tracing the origin of the highest-energy cosmic rays in the Milky Way, and the research findings were published in the latest issue of The Astrophysical Journal. A size comparison between the gamma-ray source (large circle) and the Moon (small circle). Image credit: The Astrophysical Journal. PeV (peta-electronvolt) energy cosmic rays are high-energy diffuse gamma-ray radiation, and...

2026-08-11

International Team Measures Niobium-94 Neutron Reactions, Explaining Anomalous Molybdenum-94 Abundance in the Solar System

An international team of physicists has, for the first time, conducted a comprehensive study of the interactions between neutrons and the niobium-94 isotope. The findings have been published in Physical Review Letters. The study suggests that the elevated abundance of molybdenum-94 in the primordial material of the solar system can be explained by a series of neutron-involving nuclear reaction processes inside old stars, without requiring the introduction of previously unknown special formation mechanisms. The research was led by Alberto Mengoni, a researcher at the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics. The team conducted experiments using the n_TOF facility at CERN, focusing on tracking the interactions between neutrons and niobium-94 atoms. The n_TOF facility is used to...

2026-08-11

First Heavy Ion Beam Obtained at DC-140 Accelerator of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia

The Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia, has completed the construction of the DC-140 accelerator complex and obtained an accelerated heavy ion beam for the first time during commissioning on August 4. This achievement marks significant progress in the JINR applied technology development program and signifies that a new ion beam platform designed to meet scientific and industrial needs for decades to come has entered its critical commissioning phase. The DC-140 project was launched in 2020 to replace the existing U-200 and IC-100 cyclotron complex. The new facility is designed to address a wide range of fundamental and applied research needs, including solid-state physics, radiation materials science, material surface modification, and track membrane production...

2026-08-11

Chernobyl Black Fungi Draw Attention: Potential Value in Ionizing Radiation Tolerance and Shielding Research

Nearly four decades after the explosion of Unit 4 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, the areas surrounding the damaged reactor remain heavily contaminated with radiation. In this high-radiation environment, researchers have discovered that a type of black fungus is not only capable of surviving but may also exhibit strong environmental adaptability, drawing continued scientific interest in its radiation tolerance mechanisms. According to available data, this fungus, scientifically known as Cladosporium sphaerospermum, has been found on the interior walls of buildings associated with the contaminated reactor at Chernobyl. Researchers point out that its deep black appearance is linked to the large amounts of melanin accumulated within its cells. Compared with ordinary organisms, this type of fungus exhibits exceptional tolerance in high...

2026-08-10

Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment Targets Mass Ordering Challenge; Wang Yifang Says Expected to Be Resolved Within 3 to 5 Years

On August 9, the 2026 International Congress of Basic Science opened in Beijing. Wang Yifang, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and researcher at the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was awarded the Samuel C.C. Ting Physics Medal in recognition of his significant contributions to neutrino oscillation research, precise measurement of the mixing angle θ13, and the construction of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). According to reports, the Basic Science Medal is established for scientists worldwide who have achieved groundbreaking results in basic sciences, covering three fields: mathematics, physics, and engineering. Wang Yifang's award-winning achievements include being the first to discover a new neutrino oscillation mode, first to precisely measure the mixing angle θ13, and leading the completion of the Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment...

2026-08-10

CMS records highest-energy lepton pairs to date, testing the possibility of a composite Higgs boson

The CMS experiment recently used the complete proton-proton collision dataset collected during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider and the first two years of Run 3, namely 2022 to 2023, to search for clues that the Higgs boson may be composed of smaller constituents. The analysis results show that the experimental data are consistent with Standard Model predictions, with no evidence pointing to new physics yet. Whether the Higgs boson is an elementary particle or a composite particle with deeper structure is a long-standing question in particle physics. To test this possibility, the CMS team adopted two complementary approaches: on one hand, directly searching for new heavy particles that could be produced at the Large Hadron Collider; on the other hand, indirectly probing the effects of new particles with higher masses that are difficult to produce directly through subtle deviations in high-energy electron pair and muon pair production processes.

2026-08-10

Russian University Proposes Rapid Simulation Method for Plasma Ion Parameters

Researchers from the HSE University and the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology have developed a simple analytical method for calculating the behavior of heavy ions in helium under strong electric fields. The findings have been published in Physica Scripta. Plasma is a gas composed of charged particles such as electrons, negative ions, and positive ions, typically quasi-neutral and highly conductive. In addition to fluorescent lamps and welding arcs, plasma also exists in controlled nuclear fusion devices such as tokamaks. Atmospheric plasma jets can also be used for wound disinfection, work surface cleaning, and improving crop seed performance. In plasma jet research, scientists...

2026-08-10

CMS completes high-pileup collision test, validating particle reconstruction algorithms for High-Luminosity LHC operation

In 2025, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) conducted a dedicated test over several days to simulate high-intensity collision conditions closer to those expected during future operation of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment team used this opportunity to test whether existing particle tracking, identification, and reconstruction software, along with a new class of machine learning methods, can adapt to the more complex collision conditions of the HL-LHC era. During LHC operation, each crossing of proton beams produces multiple proton–proton collisions simultaneously, a phenomenon known as pileup. The current Run 3 features approximately 65 simultaneous interactions, while the HL-LHC is expected to reach 140 to 200. To...

2026-08-10

Japanese research team demonstrates ion wakefield acceleration for the first time, accelerating protons to a maximum of 60 MeV

Kyushu University, the National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), and Osaka University recently announced jointly that the research team used high-intensity laser irradiation on a foam target to experimentally demonstrate the ion wakefield acceleration mechanism for the first time, providing a new experimental foundation for research on next-generation laser-driven ion accelerators. The results were published in *Communications Physics* on August 3, Japan time. According to the report, the research aims to reproduce physical processes similar to high-energy particle acceleration in space within a laboratory setting. Traditional high-energy accelerators typically require long acceleration tubes or large ring-shaped facilities, while the strong electric fields generated by plasma waves are considered promising for advancing accelerator miniaturization. However, compared with electrons, protons and ions...

2026-08-10

Cathode High-Voltage Power Supply for CFQS Device ECRH System Manufactured by CNNC Tongchuang Successfully Shipped

On August 3, the cathode high-voltage power supply for the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) system of China's first Quasi-Axisymmetric Stellarator (CFQS) device, manufactured by CNNC Tongchuang (Chengdu) Technology Co., Ltd., successfully passed factory acceptance and was officially shipped. The CFQS device is a major scientific and technological infrastructure project of Sichuan Province. The device adopts an advanced quasi-axisymmetric magnetic field configuration, combining the advantages of high confinement performance and steady-state operation. Under low-parameter operating conditions, the CFQS test platform confirmed that the quasi-axisymmetric magnetic field configuration can effectively reduce neoclassical transport losses in plasma and improve plasma confinement, marking the first international experimental verification of the superiority of the quasi-axisymmetric magnetic field configuration. Next, the CFQS stellarator...

2026-08-10

Research Reactors Support Kazakhstan's Safe Nuclear Energy Development

Against the backdrop of growing demand for low-carbon electricity, nuclear energy is being regarded by many countries as a key energy option. Kazakhstan is also advancing its own nuclear energy development. Equally critical to the construction of nuclear power plants is the long-term research, testing, and validation of nuclear fuel, structural materials, reactor operating conditions, and safety systems. Research reactors and experimental facilities are precisely the core platforms undertaking such work. Unlike power reactors, which primarily target electricity generation, research reactors are closer to specialized nuclear science laboratories. Researchers can study the behavior of nuclear fuel and structural materials, simulate different reactor operating states, including off-normal conditions, test new technologies, and validate engineering solutions subsequently used in nuclear...

2026-08-09

Italian Neutrino Telescope Undersea Network Captures Fin Whale Songs

August 5 news, after months of silence, fin whale songs have once again been recorded in the southern Ionian Sea. This observation was jointly completed by multiple experiments connected to the underwater infrastructure of the Southern National Laboratory of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNS-INFN), involving three projects: ITINERIS, LOWNOISER, and VONGOLA. The related work was carried out with the participation of LNS-INFN and the Sicilian Center for Nuclear Physics and Structure of Matter (CSFNSM). The detection occurred in late winter. At that time, the eastern Mediterranean region was affected by strong anthropogenic noise from a long-term geophysical survey of offshore oil and gas resources, and only weeks had passed since the transit of Hurricane Harry. Researchers identified fin whale signals amid the complex acoustic background...

2026-08-09

228 Research Reactors Worldwide in Operation, Supporting Medical Isotope Production and Neutron Science Innovation

According to the International Atomic Energy Agency on August 7, research reactors continue to drive innovation in science, medicine, and industry worldwide. Currently, 228 research reactors are in operation across 54 countries, with another 23 under construction or in the planning stage. Unlike nuclear reactors used for power generation, these reactors primarily produce neutrons to support medical, industrial, agricultural, geological, forensic, and nuclear science research. A research reactor pool photographed from above. (Photo: IAEA) In the medical field, research reactors are a vital source of medical radioisotopes. Among them, technetium-99m is widely used for diagnosing cancer and diseases of the heart, brain, and bones; a large number of medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures worldwide rely on this isotope. Other radioisotopes such as iodine-131 are also used in the treatment of cancer and thyroid diseases. The IAEA states that radioisotopes produced by research reactors serve millions of patients globally and are an essential component of modern nuclear medicine systems.

2026-08-09

Laser spectroscopy reveals for the first time the precise nuclear shape of fermium-255, offering new clues in the search for superheavy elements

An international research team has, for the first time, precisely determined the nuclear structure of the actinide fermium-255, confirming that its nucleus exhibits a pronounced prolate deformation, similar to a rugby ball. The study, published in *Physical Review Letters*, was conducted in collaboration with 18 institutions, including Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz in Germany, the Helmholtz Institute Mainz, and the University of Gothenburg in Sweden. The findings not only correct several unreasonable nuclear property values in previous standard data tables but also provide crucial experimental validation for modern nuclear theory models. Fermium is a synthetic heavy element that does not exist in nature. Fermium-255 contains 100 protons and 155 neutrons, making its experimental production extremely challenging. The research team...

2026-08-08

JINR delegation participates in the 51st Vietnam Conference on Theoretical Physics

From August 3 to 6, the 51st Vietnam Conference on Theoretical Physics (VCTP-51) was held in Nha Trang, Vietnam. A delegation of researchers from the Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and the Laboratory of Information Technologies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research attended the conference, engaging in exchanges with more than 170 scholars from Vietnam, Germany, India, China, Pakistan, Russia, Taiwan, the Philippines, Japan, and other countries and regions. The conference topics covered multiple frontier directions in theoretical physics, including high-energy physics, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, and cosmology, as well as interdisciplinary research areas such as physics beyond the Standard Model, molecular physics, quantum optics and quantum information, biomaterials, and biomolecules. The broad agenda...

2026-08-08

DUNE Integrates Artificial Intelligence into Neutrino Experiment to Enhance Particle Detection and Data Processing Capabilities

The team at the U.S. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is advancing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) by integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning tools into experiment design, detector operations, and data analysis workflows, aiming to improve neutrino interaction identification, event classification, and detector management capabilities. Located at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility, DUNE has begun installing structural components for its large neutrino detector modules. The experiment consists of a near detector and a far detector: the near detector is situated at Fermilab, while the far detector is located approximately one mile underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota. Both detectors will employ liquid argon time projection chamber technology to record neutrino...

2026-08-07

KEK in Japan Completes World's First "Quantum Multi-Beam Utilization" Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines

On August 6, the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) announced that the BL-11A and BL-11B beamlines at its Photon Factory (PF) synchrotron radiation experimental facility have been completed as the world's first quantum multi-beam utilization beamlines, enabling the simultaneous use of hard X-ray and soft X-ray beams. According to reports, BL-11A and BL-11B were constructed in collaboration with the Synchrotron Radiation Academic Infrastructure Network. This network consists of synchrotron radiation facilities operated by university joint-use organizations and joint-use/joint-research centers, positioned as scientific research and educational infrastructure. The main feature of the new beamlines is the ability to simultaneously use hard X-ray and soft X-ray under the same experimental conditions, completing observations that previously required separate measurements...

2026-08-07

First Observation of Anti-Kaonic Nuclei in Photon Beam Experiments

The LEPS2/Solenoid collaboration, composed of researchers from the Research Center for Nuclear Physics at Osaka University, Kyoto Sangyo University, the Research Center for Advanced Quantum Beam Science at Tohoku University, Korea University, Gifu University, the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, RIKEN, Kyoto University, the Institute of Physics at Academia Sinica in Taiwan, and the University of Saskatchewan in Canada, has for the first time observed nuclei containing anti-kaons in a photon beam experiment. This achievement provides new experimental evidence confirming the existence of anti-kaonic nuclei and offers important clues for understanding high-density nuclear matter and the internal structure of neutron stars. The research team conducted the experiment at the LEPS2 laser-electron photon facility at the large synchrotron radiation facility SPring-8 in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan...

2026-08-07

MIT Develops Ultrafast X-ray Thermometry Method to Observe Heat Transfer in Multilayer Chip Structures

Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a new method for observing how heat transfers through multilayer materials, which can be used to precisely measure heat flow variations inside electronic devices such as computer chips. The findings have been published in Nature Communications. As computer chips continue to shrink in size and power density keeps rising, device overheating has become a major factor limiting performance improvements. Traditional heat flow measurement methods face limitations when dealing with the multilayer structures of real electronic devices—for example, the commonly used time-domain thermoreflectance method struggles to distinguish heat transport in different material layers, while infrared imaging and other approaches also fail to capture rapid changes at microscopic scales. To address this issue...

2026-08-06

Dark Energy Survey Releases Six-Year Results: Data from 669 Million Galaxies Helps Constrain Cosmic Accelerated Expansion

On August 4, the Dark Energy Survey (DES) project released its six-year findings on dark energy detection. The project compiled 18 related papers, based on nearly 300,000 astronomical images captured between 2013 and 2019, recording information on 669 million galaxies, thousands of galaxy clusters, and more than 3,000 supernovae to study the accelerated expansion of the universe and the evolution of cosmic structure. To carry out DES, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory built an extremely sensitive 570-megapixel digital camera, DECam, which was installed on the Blanco 4-meter telescope at the National Science Foundation's Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in the Chilean Andes. (Image courtesy of Reidar Hahn/Fermi National Acceler...

2026-08-06

U.S. Laboratories Plan "Materials Discovery Cloud" to Use AI to Predict Impact of Defects in Microelectronic Devices

Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and Northwestern University are planning to develop a Materials Discovery Cloud platform that leverages a physics-based artificial intelligence framework to predict how tiny defects affect the performance and lifespan of microelectronic devices. Visualization of the Materials Discovery Cloud, a physics-based AI framework that integrates experimental data, simulations, and high-performance computing to predict how tiny defects affect the performance and lifespan of microelectronic devices. (Image provided by ChatGPT.) Microelectronic devices are widely used in smartphones, laptops, secure communications, and artificial intelligence hardware. As device dimensions continue to shrink and operating speeds increase, tiny defects within materials and at interfaces have a more pronounced impact on device stability. These defects can cause overheating, leakage current, switching instability, and other issues, or in certain conditions, improve electrical or thermal performance. Identifying critical defects and understanding their evolution under real-world operating conditions has become a key challenge in the design of next-generation microelectronic materials.

2026-08-06